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智能電網管理系統解決方案
目錄
一、 引言
隨(sui)(sui)著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力事業的發展，各種新電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器廣泛應用于(yu)生活、生產，給人(ren)類(lei)(lei)帶來(lai)了巨大(da)的便利，但同時(shi)，也使人(ren)類(lei)(lei)社會對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的依賴日益加深。很難想象，沒(mei)有(you)持續、穩定、高(gao)效(xiao)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)供應，人(ren)類(lei)(lei)社會將(jiang)會怎(zen)樣。隨(sui)(sui)著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力供應從賣方市場走(zou)向(xiang)買方市場，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力用戶已(yi)(yi)不(bu)再是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力這(zhe)一(yi)特殊商品的簡單使用者，他們(men)是(shi)我們(men)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企業真正的服務對象，是(shi)上帝。向(xiang)他們(men)提供高(gao)質量的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量，已(yi)(yi)不(bu)再是(shi)一(yi)句(ju)口號(hao)，而是(shi)一(yi)種鄭重承(cheng)諾(nuo)，具有(you)法(fa)律(lv)的效(xiao)力。
在一(yi)(yi)些發達國(guo)(guo)家(jia)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)(shi)場早就(jiu)初(chu)具規(gui)模，供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方和用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能質(zhi)(zhi)量都有合同約定，在我國(guo)(guo)，這(zhe)方面的(de)(de)工作才剛剛起步。國(guo)(guo)家(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)公司為(wei)規(gui)范(fan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)公司的(de)(de)運作，真正體現(xian)服(fu)務人(ren)民(min)的(de)(de)企業宗旨(zhi)，對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能質(zhi)(zhi)量提出了較(jiao)高的(de)(de)要求(qiu)，尤其對(dui)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)可靠性制定了明文(wen)規(gui)定：一(yi)(yi)般城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)地(di)區為(wei)99.96%，使每戶平均(jun)(jun)停(ting)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間不大(da)于(yu)3.5 h;重要城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)中心區應達99.99%，每戶平均(jun)(jun)停(ting)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間不大(da)于(yu)53 min。對(dui)照這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)標(biao)準，我們(men)還有很大(da)差距。而要實現(xian)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)目標(biao)，能否建設合理(li)(li)、完整、高效(xiao)的(de)(de)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)自(zi)動(dong)化(hua)管理(li)(li)系統（DMS）是(shi)關鍵。
1 配電自動化管理系統（DMS）簡(jian)介
簡(jian)言之，配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)系(xi)統包含地理(li)(li)信息(xi)系(xi)統(GIS)、網絡(luo)設備文(wen)件(NDF)、冗余(yu)部件管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)、檢修計劃(hua)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)、運行規劃(hua)及(ji)(ji)優化(hua)(hua)、運行及(ji)(ji)控(kong)制以及(ji)(ji)其(qi)它(ta)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)任務(故(gu)障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)、人員管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)、計費(fei)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)等(deng))。其(qi)中(zhong)運行及(ji)(ji)控(kong)制部分(fen)功(gong)能的自(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)由配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)系(xi)統(DAS)實現，又可(ke)具體(ti)細(xi)分(fen)為SCADA系(xi)統、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓/無功(gong)控(kong)制、保護(hu)的協調管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)及(ji)(ji)控(kong)制、饋(kui)線控(kong)制、故(gu)障(zhang)處理(li)(li)(故(gu)障(zhang)檢測、定位，隔離后故(gu)障(zhang)區(qu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian))、自(zi)動(dong)(dong)抄表和(he)負荷管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)等(deng)。從這一(yi)概念出發，DMS其(qi)實涵(han)蓋了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)MIS、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)調度、變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站綜(zong)合自(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)、出線管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)、負荷管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)、供用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)等(deng)供、配(pei)、用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)多個環(huan)節，是一(yi)個包含多學科技術(shu)的綜(zong)合性的大系(xi)統。
從國外DMS發(fa)展(zhan)歷程(cheng)來(lai)看(kan)，主要集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在DA部(bu)分，大致經歷了自(zi)動就地(di)控制(重(zhong)合(he)器加重(zhong)合(he)器或重(zhong)合(he)器加分斷器方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi))、智(zhi)能型(xing)自(zi)動就地(di)控制(分散式(shi)(shi)微機型(xing)自(zi)控設備(bei))以及近(jin)遠程(cheng)可(ke)選(xuan)控制方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)加集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數據(ju)庫和專家(jia)系統(功能逐漸增加完善(shan))三(san)個階段，而完整DMS的(de)(de)開(kai)發(fa)在發(fa)達國家(jia)也是(shi)近(jin)幾年的(de)(de)事。從我(wo)國DMS發(fa)展(zhan)現狀(zhuang)來(lai)看(kan)，目前才起步，由于國家(jia)對此(ci)相(xiang)當(dang)重(zhong)視，我(wo)們可(ke)以借鑒國外的(de)(de)經驗，直(zhi)接應用最新、最合(he)理的(de)(de)技術摸式(shi)(shi)，如(ru)DA系統的(de)(de)選(xuan)擇(ze)，國內中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)城市一般都直(zhi)接選(xuan)擇(ze)第三(san)階段的(de)(de)產品，可(ke)進入(ru)DMS/DA的(de)(de)階段。但(dan)是(shi)，由于DMS/DA的(de)(de)開(kai)發(fa)涉(she)及多學科，如(ru)計(ji)算機、通(tong)信(xin)、網絡與最新的(de)(de)技術產品，需(xu)要高素質(zhi)的(de)(de)開(kai)發(fa)、運行(xing)、管理人員，加上DMS/DA開(kai)發(fa)還要和電網一、二次設備(bei)和通(tong)信(xin)設備(bei)兼(jian)容，投(tou)資也相(xiang)當(dang)大。因此(ci)，從全(quan)國情況來(lai)看(kan)，發(fa)展(zhan)進度(du)并不快。
配網自動(dong)化(hua)系統(tong)(tong)是對(dui)配電(dian)網上的(de)設備進(jin)行(xing)遠方實時監視、協(xie)調及(ji)控(kong)制的(de)一個集(ji)成系統(tong)(tong)。配網自動(dong)化(hua)按照系統(tong)(tong)的(de)縱向(xiang)結構可以分(fen)為配電(dian)管理系統(tong)(tong)、變電(dian)站自動(dong)化(hua)、饋電(dian)線路自動(dong)化(hua)及(ji)用(yong)戶自動(dong)化(hua)四個層次的(de)內容。其中，配網饋線自動(dong)化(hua)是配電(dian)系統(tong)(tong)提高供電(dian)可靠(kao)性最直接，最有效(xiao)的(de)技術(shu)手段。
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