1、光(guang)端機供電及安裝(zhuang)環境

一般發(fa)射機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)由于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)位(wei)置(zhi)跟隨前端(duan)(duan)視頻采集設備(bei)，所以安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)位(wei)置(zhi)都(dou)比較(jiao)分散(san)(san)，需要(yao)(yao)配獨(du)立的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)殼(ke)(ke)給其供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)安防(fang)(fang)(fang)監控(kong)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方面通常有(you)兩種方式(shi)：中(zhong)心集中(zhong)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和本地供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，由于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)采用(yong)(yong)光(guang)(guang)端(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)傳輸(shu)的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)場，前后端(duan)(duan)距(ju)離都(dou)較(jiao)遠，所以較(jiao)少(shao)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)集中(zhong)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)。接收機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)一般都(dou)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)監控(kong)中(zhong)心的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)房(fang)(fang)內，不(bu)像(xiang)發(fa)射機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)那么(me)分散(san)(san)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)上如(ru)果跟前端(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)射機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)一樣采用(yong)(yong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)殼(ke)(ke)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)話(hua)，會(hui)占用(yong)(yong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)房(fang)(fang)大量(liang)(liang)空(kong)間，顯得雜亂(luan)無章，無法(fa)統一管理。因此中(zhong)心接收機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)可以采用(yong)(yong)插卡(ka)式(shi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)箱(xiang)(xiang)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，不(bu)要(yao)(yao)把插槽全插滿，可以每隔幾個(ge)(ge)插槽空(kong)開一個(ge)(ge)，有(you)利于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)光(guang)(guang)端(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)散(san)(san)熱(re)。需要(yao)(yao)注(zhu)(zhu)意的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)光(guang)(guang)端(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)激光(guang)(guang)器組件(jian)和光(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉換模塊最(zui)忌瞬時脈沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)沖擊，因此不(bu)宜頻繁開關機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。前端(duan)(duan)發(fa)射機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)多(duo)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)前端(duan)(duan)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)(xiang)中(zhong)，要(yao)(yao)注(zhu)(zhu)意做(zuo)好配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)塵(chen)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水，在(zai)(zai)(zai)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)(xiang)塞和較(jiao)滿時為了(le)利于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)光(guang)(guang)端(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)散(san)(san)熱(re)就要(yao)(yao)考慮帶風扇的(de)(de)(de)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)(xiang)。監控(kong)中(zhong)心的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)房(fang)(fang)要(yao)(yao)保持環境整(zheng)潔，經常注(zhu)(zhu)意清理，不(bu)要(yao)(yao)有(you)結塵(chen)，最(zui)好是(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)房(fang)(fang)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)修(xiu)好后再將設備(bei)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)入機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)房(fang)(fang)，如(ru)遇(yu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)房(fang)(fang)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)修(xiu)改(gai)造，要(yao)(yao)及時清理干凈(jing)。機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)房(fang)(fang)內一般會(hui)有(you)很多(duo)設備(bei)集中(zhong)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)柜(ju)中(zhong)，設備(bei)發(fa)熱(re)量(liang)(liang)很大，在(zai)(zai)(zai)通風散(san)(san)熱(re)條件(jian)又差(cha)時，最(zui)好安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)空(kong)調系統以保證光(guang)(guang)端(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)正常工(gong)作。安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)光(guang)(guang)端(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時要(yao)(yao)做(zuo)好現(xian)場的(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)護措(cuo)施，防(fang)(fang)(fang)潮、防(fang)(fang)(fang)水、防(fang)(fang)(fang)塵(chen)，同(tong)時注(zhu)(zhu)意現(xian)場的(de)(de)(de)實際操作，必(bi)須配備(bei)合適的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)纖使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)，不(bu)能使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)殘(can)缺故障(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)纖，如(ru)果不(bu)匹配，則會(hui)嚴重影(ying)響光(guang)(guang)端(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)傳輸(shu)質量(liang)(liang)，涉及光(guang)(guang)纜熔接時，也要(yao)(yao)注(zhu)(zhu)意測(ce)量(liang)(liang)光(guang)(guang)纜的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)衰減(jian)或(huo)損耗在(zai)(zai)(zai)有(you)效值范圍內。

2、光端機防雷

光端(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)特別是(shi)作為前(qian)端(duan)(duan)設備(bei)的(de)發(fa)射機(ji)(ji)通常安(an)裝于室外的(de)設備(bei)箱中，現場(chang)環境相當(dang)惡劣，防雷(lei)就(jiu)顯(xian)得異常重要(yao)，防雷(lei)措(cuo)施的(de)優(you)劣直接決定(ding)了(le)光端(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)發(fa)生故(gu)障的(de)幾率。雷(lei)電的(de)破壞方(fang)式(shi)主要(yao)分為直擊雷(lei)、感應雷(lei)和地(di)電位反(fan)擊三種形(xing)式(shi)，對光端(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)而言影響最嚴重的(de)主要(yao)是(shi)地(di)電位反(fan)擊。

所謂地(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)反(fan)擊(ji)是(shi)(shi)當避(bi)雷(lei)(lei)針等接閃(shan)器(qi)將直擊(ji)雷(lei)(lei)強大的(de)(de)(de)雷(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)經過(guo)引下(xia)線和接地(di)(di)體(ti)(ti)泄入大地(di)(di)時，在(zai)(zai)引下(xia)線，接地(di)(di)體(ti)(ti)以(yi)及與其相連的(de)(de)(de)金屬物(wu)體(ti)(ti)上會產(chan)生相當高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)瞬間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，這(zhe)個高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓會對離他們很近但是(shi)(shi)又沒(mei)有直接接觸的(de)(de)(de)金屬物(wu)體(ti)(ti)、線纜等電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子設備(bei)之(zhi)間(jian)產(chan)生巨大的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)差，這(zhe)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)差引起的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)擊(ji)就是(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)反(fan)擊(ji)。地(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)反(fan)擊(ji)是(shi)(shi)通過(guo)以(yi)下(xia)形式對光端機造(zao)成損壞(huai)(huai)的(de)(de)(de)：當雷(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)泄入大地(di)(di)時，接地(di)(di)網的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)會在(zai)(zai)數(shu)微秒之(zhi)內(nei)被抬高(gao)(gao)到數(shu)萬或數(shu)十(shi)萬伏。高(gao)(gao)度破壞(huai)(huai)性的(de)(de)(de)雷(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)將從各種設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)接地(di)(di)部分流(liu)向這(zhe)些設備(bei)，或者通過(guo)擊(ji)穿(chuan)大地(di)(di)絕緣而(er)流(liu)向其它附近設備(bei)，最終造(zao)成設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)破壞(huai)(huai)或損害，損壞(huai)(huai)的(de)(de)(de)部分主要有：機殼(ke)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)PCB板上電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子元(yuan)器(qi)件、視(shi)頻接口(kou)處芯片及其相關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子元(yuan)器(qi)件、音頻及數(shu)據端口(kou)處芯片。

雖(sui)然雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)的(de)破壞形(xing)式(shi)多(duo)種(zhong)多(duo)樣，但還是(shi)可(ke)(ke)以通(tong)過(guo)采取科學的(de)防(fang)(fang)護措(cuo)(cuo)施來(lai)降(jiang)低(di)(di)光(guang)端機(ji)(ji)故障發(fa)(fa)(fa)生幾率。首先，保(bao)證接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置效(xiao)果(guo)良(liang)好(hao)是(shi)防(fang)(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)措(cuo)(cuo)施的(de)前提，因(yin)為所有(you)(you)感應電(dian)(dian)流(liu)最后都是(shi)要(yao)泄(xie)入(ru)大地(di)(di)(di)的(de)。一般而(er)(er)言(yan)，接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)越小泄(xie)流(liu)效(xiao)果(guo)越好(hao)，通(tong)常(chang)將接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)控制在4歐(ou)姆以內為佳，可(ke)(ke)使(shi)用接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)鉗表對(dui)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)進(jin)行測量(liang)。對(dui)于某些土(tu)(tu)壤電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)率高的(de)地(di)(di)(di)方，可(ke)(ke)以考(kao)慮在土(tu)(tu)壤中加入(ru)降(jiang)阻(zu)劑，從而(er)(er)降(jiang)低(di)(di)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)。其(qi)次，前端設備要(yao)加裝(zhuang)(zhuang)浪(lang)涌(yong)(yong)保(bao)護器(qi)(qi)，正(zheng)常(chang)電(dian)(dian)壓時(shi)，浪(lang)涌(yong)(yong)保(bao)護器(qi)(qi)呈高阻(zu)狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)(tai)，只有(you)(you)很小的(de)泄(xie)漏電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，功(gong)率損(sun)耗很小，當線(xian)(xian)路中出現過(guo)壓時(shi)，浪(lang)涌(yong)(yong)保(bao)護器(qi)(qi)呈低(di)(di)阻(zu)狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)(tai)，過(guo)電(dian)(dian)壓以放電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)形(xing)式(shi)通(tong)過(guo)浪(lang)涌(yong)(yong)保(bao)護器(qi)(qi)流(liu)入(ru)大地(di)(di)(di)，過(guo)電(dian)(dian)壓被抑制下來(lai)，浪(lang)涌(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)壓過(guo)后，線(xian)(xian)路電(dian)(dian)壓恢復正(zheng)常(chang)時(shi)，浪(lang)涌(yong)(yong)保(bao)護器(qi)(qi)又(you)呈高阻(zu)絕緣狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)(tai)，因(yin)此浪(lang)涌(yong)(yong)保(bao)護器(qi)(qi)必(bi)須有(you)(you)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置與之配(pei)合。前端攝像機(ji)(ji)的(de)視頻(pin)信號輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出口(kou)和(he)發(fa)(fa)(fa)射機(ji)(ji)的(de)視頻(pin)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)口(kou)處接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)浪(lang)涌(yong)(yong)保(bao)護器(qi)(qi)，若(ruo)(ruo)發(fa)(fa)(fa)射機(ji)(ji)連有(you)(you)其(qi)他一些數(shu)據線(xian)(xian)時(shi)，需要(yao)在控制信號線(xian)(xian)的(de)起始(shi)端和(he)結(jie)束端加裝(zhuang)(zhuang)數(shu)據防(fang)(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)，并在攝像機(ji)(ji)和(he)光(guang)端機(ji)(ji)的(de)電(dian)(dian)源輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)端也加上電(dian)(dian)源防(fang)(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)等防(fang)(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)設備。裝(zhuang)(zhuang)防(fang)(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)時(shi)務必(bi)使(shi)防(fang)(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)緊貼接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)入(ru)口(kou)，若(ruo)(ruo)防(fang)(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)距(ju)離視頻(pin)口(kou)、數(shu)據口(kou)太遠是(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮不了防(fang)(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)效(xiao)果(guo)的(de)。

加好防(fang)雷設(she)備(bei)(bei)后，剩下(xia)的(de)(de)便(bian)是接(jie)地(di)(di)網的(de)(de)設(she)計問題(ti)。接(jie)地(di)(di)樁一(yi)定(ding)要打到位，保證(zheng)光端機良好接(jie)地(di)(di)，一(yi)個好的(de)(de)低阻抗接(jie)地(di)(di)網設(she)計能夠保證(zheng)系統(tong)中的(de)(de)防(fang)雷設(she)備(bei)(bei)發揮良好效(xiao)(xiao)果且能有效(xiao)(xiao)均衡整個傳輸系統(tong)內各部位電(dian)壓(ya)，防(fang)止地(di)(di)電(dian)位差對線路中設(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)干(gan)擾(rao)，同時也(ye)可(ke)有效(xiao)(xiao)避免地(di)(di)電(dian)位反擊對設(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)損壞。