安防(fang)監控(kong)系統是一門被(bei)人們(men)日(ri)益(yi)重視的新興專業，就目前(qian)發展(zhan)看，應(ying)用普及越來(lai)越廣(guang)，科技含量越來(lai)越高(gao)。幾乎所有高(gao)新科技都可促進其發展(zhan)，尤其是信息時代(dai)的來(lai)臨，更(geng)為該專業發展(zhan)提供(gong)契機。但就監控業界而言(yan)，系統組成一直(zhi)沒得到明確的劃(hua)分(fen)，這使工程商和用戶之(zhi)間談(tan)到安防監(jian)控(kong)系統(tong)時溝通(tong)很不方(fang)便。

　對于安防監控系統，根據系統各部分功能的不(bu)同，我們將整個安防監控系統劃分為七層(ceng)(ceng)——表(biao)現層(ceng)(ceng)、控制(zhi)層(ceng)(ceng)、處理層(ceng)(ceng)、傳(chuan)輸(shu)層(ceng)(ceng)、執行(xing)層(ceng)(ceng)、支(zhi)撐層(ceng)(ceng)、采(cai)集(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)。當然，由于設(she)備集(ji)成化越來越高，對于部分系統而言，某些設(she)備可能會同時以多(duo)個層(ceng)(ceng)的身份存在于系統中。　　　

　一. 表現層

　表現(xian)城是我們(men)最直觀感受到的(de)，它展現(xian)了整個安防監控系統(tong)的(de)品(pin)質。如監控電視墻、監視器(qi)、高音報警(jing)(jing)喇(la)叭、報警(jing)(jing)自動駁接電話等(deng)等(deng)都屬(shu)于這一層。

　二. 控制層

　控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)層是(shi)整個安(an)(an)防(fang)監控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系統的(de)(de)(de)核心(xin)，它是(shi)系統科技水平的(de)(de)(de)最明確體現。通(tong)(tong)常我(wo)們的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方式有(you)兩種——模(mo)擬控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和數(shu)(shu)字(zi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。模(mo)擬控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)早期的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方式，其控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臺通(tong)(tong)常由(you)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器或者模(mo)擬控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矩陣構成，適用于小(xiao)(xiao)型局(ju)部安(an)(an)防(fang)監控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系統，這(zhe)種控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方式成本較(jiao)低，故障率較(jiao)小(xiao)(xiao)。但對于中大(da)(da)型安(an)(an)防(fang)監控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系統而(er)言，這(zhe)種方式就(jiu)顯得操(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)復雜且無任何(he)價格優勢了(le)，這(zhe)時我(wo)們更為(wei)明智的(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇(ze)應該(gai)是(shi)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。數(shu)(shu)字(zi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)將(jiang)工(gong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計(ji)算機(ji)作(zuo)為(wei)監控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系統的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)核心(xin)，它將(jiang)復雜的(de)(de)(de)模(mo)擬控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)操(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)變為(wei)簡單的(de)(de)(de)鼠標點擊(ji)操(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)，將(jiang)巨大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)模(mo)擬控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器堆疊縮小(xiao)(xiao)為(wei)一(yi)個工(gong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計(ji)算機(ji)，將(jiang)復雜而(er)數(shu)(shu)量龐大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電纜變為(wei)一(yi)根串行電話線。它將(jiang)中遠程監控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)變為(wei)事實、為(wei)Internet遠程監控提供可能。但數(shu)字控制(zhi)也不是(shi)那(nei)么十(shi)全十(shi)美，控制(zhi)主機的價格十(shi)分昂(ang)貴、模塊浪費的情況、系統(tong)可能出現(xian)全線(xian)崩潰的危機、控制(zhi)較(jiao)為滯后等等問題仍然存在。

   三. 處理層

處(chu)理(li)層(ceng)或許該(gai)稱為音(yin)(yin)視(shi)頻處(chu)理(li)層(ceng)，它將有傳輸層(ceng)送過來的音(yin)(yin)視(shi)頻信號加以分(fen)(fen)配(pei)、放大(da)(da)、分(fen)(fen)割等等處(chu)理(li)，有機的將表(biao)現層(ceng)與控制層(ceng)加以連(lian)接(jie)。音(yin)(yin)視(shi)頻分(fen)(fen)配(pei)器(qi)(qi)、音(yin)(yin)視(shi)頻放大(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)、視(shi)頻分(fen)(fen)割器(qi)(qi)、音(yin)(yin)視(shi)頻切換器(qi)(qi)等等設(she)備都屬于這一層(ceng)。

   四. 傳(chuan)輸層

　傳(chuan)輸層相當于(yu)安(an)防(fang)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)系(xi)統(tong)的血(xue)脈。在小型安(an)防(fang)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)系(xi)統(tong)中，我(wo)(wo)們最(zui)常(chang)(chang)見的傳(chuan)輸層設備是視頻線(xian)、音頻線(xian)，對(dui)(dui)于(yu)中遠(yuan)程(cheng)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)系(xi)統(tong)而言(yan)，我(wo)(wo)們常(chang)(chang)使(shi)用的是射頻線(xian)、微波，對(dui)(dui)于(yu)遠(yuan)程(cheng)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)而言(yan)，我(wo)(wo)們通常(chang)(chang)使(shi)用Internet這一(yi)(yi)廉價載體。值(zhi)得一(yi)(yi)提的是，新出現(xian)的傳輸層介質——網線/光纖。大多數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)人在數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)安防監(jian)控(kong)(kong)上(shang)存(cun)在一個誤區，他們認為控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)層(ceng)使用(yong)的(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)的(de)安防監(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)就(jiu)是(shi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)安防監(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)了(le)，其實不然。純數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)安防監(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)傳輸介(jie)質(zhi)一定是(shi)網線或光纖。信(xin)號從采集層(ceng)出來時，就(jiu)已經調(diao)制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)信(xin)號了(le)，數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)信(xin)號在目前(qian)已趨成(cheng)(cheng)熟的(de)網絡上(shang)跑(pao)，理(li)論上(shang)是(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)衰減的(de)，這(zhe)就(jiu)保(bao)證遠(yuan)程(cheng)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)圖像的(de)無(wu)(wu)(wu)損失顯示，這(zhe)是(shi)模擬傳輸無(wu)(wu)(wu)法比擬的(de)。當然，高(gao)性能的(de)回報也(ye)需(xu)要高(gao)成(cheng)(cheng)本的(de)投入，這(zhe)是(shi)純數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)安防監(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)無(wu)(wu)(wu)法普(pu)及最(zui)重要的(de)原(yuan)因之一。

　五. 執行層(ceng)

　執行層是我(wo)們控制指令(ling)的命令(ling)對(dui)象，在某些時候，它和我(wo)們后面所說的支撐誠、采(cai)集層不太好截然分開，我(wo)們認為(wei)受控對(dui)象即為(wei)執行層設備。比如：云臺、鏡頭(tou)、解(jie)碼器、球(qiu)等等。

   六. 支撐層

顧(gu)名思義，支撐(cheng)層(ceng)是用于后(hou)端設備(bei)的(de)支撐(cheng)，保護和(he)支撐(cheng)采集層(ceng)、執(zhi)行(xing)層(ceng)設備(bei)。它包括支架(jia)、防(fang)護罩等等輔助(zhu)設備(bei)。

   七(qi). 采集層(ceng)

　采集層是整個安防監控系統品(pin)質好壞的(de)關鍵因(yin)素，也是(shi)系統成本(ben)開銷最(zui)大的(de)地方。它包(bao)括(kuo)鏡頭、攝(she)像(xiang)機、報警傳(chuan)感器(qi)等(deng)等(deng)